Compile
C/C++ compile¶
GCC and G++¶
-
-x: 設定文件使用的語言(副檔名) -
-c: 只compile並將assembly輸出目標檔至.obj, 沒有link -
-s: 只compile並輸出成assembly -
-o <file>: compile, assembly跟linking完成後輸出目標檔至file -
-v: 印出編譯的資訊 -
-###: 與-v類似，但只輸出跟文數字有關的資訊 -
-l-L< library >在linking階段尋找library -
-I<header>: 在compile階段增加標頭檔 -
-e entry指定程式從entry作為輸入點 -
-pthreadlink POSIX內的thread library (只支援GNU/Linux系統) gtest的default必須要加，否則在compile gtest的sample code時就必須要更改環境變數 -
-static在支援動態linking的系統上，指定靜態連結 -
-shared輸出能夠被其他object動態linking的share object
CMake¶
gcc/g++ 太麻煩且不好管理，用CMakeLists一次建立build environment
範例框架¶
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16) # CMake_最低版本_需求
project("Hello World") # 建立一個CMake專案，並給予專案名稱
add_executable(hello-world) # 建立一個CMake目標，目標為可執行檔
target_sources(hello-world PRIVATE "main.cpp") # 指定建置該CMake目標時所使用的來源檔案
執行¶
add_executable() : 建立可執行檔
target_source() : 指定CMake使用的來源檔案，不需包含標頭檔
靜態函式庫連結¶
target_include_directories() : 新增目標的include目錄
target_link_libraries() : 新增目標的靜態函式庫
add_subdirectory() : 將指定資料夾內的CMake專案一起加入建置
# 新增目標 project-02 的 Include 目錄
target_include_directories(project-02
PRIVATE
"libstatic1/"
)
# 將指定資料夾的 CMake 專案（含有 CMakeLists.txt）一起加入建置。
add_subdirectory("libstatic1/")
# 新增目標 project-02 所連結的函式庫。函式庫名稱為其他 CMake 專案的目標名稱。通常來自
# find_package 或 add_subdirectory。以這個範例來說，libstatic1 函式庫是來自
# add_subdirectory 指令所加入的 CMake 專案。
target_link_libraries(project-02
PRIVATE
libstatic1
)
# 新增一個 CMake 目標，目標型態為靜態函式庫。
add_library(libstatic1 STATIC)
target_sources(libstatic1
PRIVATE
"f1.cpp"
"f2.cpp"
)
動態函式庫連結¶
add_library() : 由路徑搜索函式庫
add_library(mylibrary SHARED src/mylibrary.cpp):
# 指定生成名為 mylibrary 的共享庫（動態函式庫），並包含源文件 src/mylibrary.cpp#。
#-----------------------
#若是已經編譯好的.so或.dll
# 設置外部庫的包含路徑
include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
# 指定外部庫的位置
set(EXTERNAL_LIB_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
# 查找動態庫
find_library(EXTERNAL_LIB NAMES external PATHS ${EXTERNAL_LIB_PATH})
# 連結外部動態函式庫
target_link_libraries(MyExecutable ${EXTERNAL_LIB})
Debug in vscode¶
使用gdb編譯單個文件時，可以使用以下configuration 參考資料 docs task.json
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"type": "shell",
"label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"command": "/usr/bin/g++",
"args": ["-g", "${file}", "-o", "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"],
"options": {
"cwd": "/usr/bin"
},
"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
}
]
}
launch.json
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "C/C++: g++ build and debug active file",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file"
}
]
}
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Launch",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
// Resolved by CMake Tools:
"program": "${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [
{
// add the directory where our target was built to the PATHs
// it gets resolved by CMake Tools:
"name": "PATH",
"value": "${env:PATH}:${command:cmake.getLaunchTargetDirectory}"
},
{
"name": "OTHER_VALUE",
"value": "Something something"
}
],
"externalConsole": true,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
]
}
]
}
若想要傳遞參數至cmake, 需要在task.json內增加configuration的code block
{
"label": "configure",
"type": "shell",
"command": "cmake",
"args": [
"-S", ".", // 指定源目录
"-B", "build", // 指定构建目录
"-DUNIT_TESTS=1",
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true,
},
"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
"detail": "configure cmake project."
}
{
// in build section, add this line
"dependsOn": [ "configure" ],
}
Makefile¶
common compile method in GNU/Linux, a common makefile will look like this, every command line should started with a tab
Example simple